Social support,rural/urban residence,and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults

This study aims to examine the extent to which people are socially integrated and the association between social support and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults, with regard to the moderating effect of the rural or urban residence. The author used data from the China health and longitudinal study (CHARLS), a nationally representative longitudinal survey of the population of adults aged over 45 in China. A total of 16,372 participants were included in this study, and the mean age of the sample was 59.7. Three variables were used to measure participants' social support: family size, proximity of support, and social involvement. The Chinese version of 10-item center for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used as a measurement tool for depressive symptoms. The findings demonstrate that small family size, living with a spouse, frequency of contact with children, and a number of social activities have significant effects on depressive symptoms. For all aspects of social support, the influence on depressive symptoms is not significantly different between urban and rural areas. Family support, especially the support of a spouse is crucial to prevent depression. This study also identifies the vital effect of social activity and encourages the government to improve public services, especially in rural areas.     

Dynamic cyclic and torsional fatigue resistance of TruNatomy compared with different nickel–titanium rotary instruments

This study evaluated the dynamic cyclic and torsional fatigue resistance of recently introduced TruNatomy instruments (TRN) and compare with HyFlex CM (HFC), Vortex Blue (VB) and FlexMaster (FM) instruments. Size 20, 0.04 taper of TRN, HFC, VB and FM instruments was tested for dynamic cyclic and torsional fatigue resistance. Dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance was evaluated using an artificial canal with a radius of 5 mm and a 90° angle of curvature. The number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated. The dynamic torsional fatigue resistance was evaluated by holding a 5 mm of the tip of each instrument in a metal block with composite resin. Torsional fatigue resistance was recorded by counting the number of load applications before fracture for each instrument. The HFC instruments had greater fatigue resistance than VB, TRN and FM. FM had a higher resistance to torsional stress than TRN, HFC and VB instruments.     

Explore the Application Law of Disperse Stagnation and Purge Heat with Bitter-Acrid Medicinals in Treating Endogenous Cough

内伤咳嗽以肺失宣肃、肺气上逆为基本病机。“苦辛通降助肺法”即借助药物气味的升降作用以使肺气宣降复常的治法，用于治疗内伤咳嗽可通过苦辛配伍来助肺宣降、调节气机。张之文教授为全国温病学泰斗，提出以“苦辛通降助肺法”治疗内伤咳嗽，临床效果显著。本研究以张老医案为基础，通过数据挖掘来管窥“苦辛通降助肺法”治疗内伤咳嗽的应用规律，为内伤咳嗽的治疗提供新的思路和方法。     

Race to Beat the Heat: Climate Change Impacts Physical Activity

Climate change has led to increased frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme heat events with dire consequences for health. These are the deadliest of climate change impacts with preventable mortality from heat-related illnesses and increased threat to safe participation in physical activity and sports. Nurse practitioners can collaborate with community and professional sports health organizations to ensure evidence-based health and safety policies to reduce health-related risks. Adverse consequences on engagement in key health-promoting physical activity and sports may catalyze urgent action to address climate change.     

云南省三州(市)6～11岁城市流动儿童的忽视现状研究

目的 了解云南省三地区城市流动儿童的忽视现况及主要原因,为有效减少其发生制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法 根据经济及教育水平等因素,2020年9—12月采用多阶段分层整群抽样,抽取昆明市、大理州和临沧市3个地区为调查点,采用《中国城市儿童青少年忽视评价常模量表》,对1 193名学生进行相关调查。结果 云南省三地区6～11岁城市流动儿童总忽视率40.7%(486/1 193),其中城市流动儿童忽视率为40.80%(393/963);非城市流动儿童忽视率为40.4%(93/230)。城市流动儿童男童各层面忽视率大于女童,其中安全层面有统计学意义(χ²=4.417,P<0.05)。不同民族中除医疗层面外,汉族忽视率都高于少数民族,其中身体(χ²=6.963,P<0.05)和情感(χ²=6.850,P<0.05)差异有统计学意义。与云南省农村儿童、中国农村留守儿童、全国儿童相应指标比较,云南省城市流动儿童忽视度较低,差异有统计学意义(6~8岁t=20.281、19.153、13.616,P<0.001;9~11岁t=7.075、13.101、8.047,P<0.001)。结论 云南省三州(市)6~11岁城市流动儿童忽视情况较十年前有所缓解,针对流动儿童实施的相关政策效果逐步显现。家庭教育模式有所转变,“父母教育卷入”使“子女随父母进城务工”逐渐被“父母随子女进城读书”所替代,但是针对低龄流动儿童的社会融合和适应相关问题应持续关注;民族教育层面下儿童忽视率性别差异更小,学校与家庭教育应因地制宜,注重亲子参与。     

Influence of Orientation and Radiative Heat Transfer on Aluminum Foams in Buoyancy-Induced Convection

Two differently-produced open-cell aluminum foams were compared to a commercially available finned heat sink. Further, an aluminum plate and block were tested as a reference. All heat sinks have the same base plate dimensions of four by six inches. The first foam was made by investment casting of a polyurethane preform and has a porosity of 0.946 and a pore density of 10 pores per linear inch. The second foam is manufactured by casting over a solvable core and has a porosity of 0.85 and a pore density of 2.5 pores per linear inch. The effects of orientation and radiative heat transfer are experimentally investigated. The heat sinks are tested in a vertical and horizontal orientation. The effect of radiative heat transfer is investigated by comparing a painted/anodized heat sink with an untreated one. The heat flux through the heat sink for a certain temperature difference between the environment and the heat sink’s base plate is used as the performance indicator. For temperature differences larger than 30 ^°C, the finned heat sink outperforms the in-house-made aluminum foam heat sink on average by 17%. Furthermore, the in-house-made aluminum foam dissipates on average 12% less heat than the other aluminum foam for a temperature difference larger than 40 ^°C. By painting/anodizing the heat sinks, the heat transfer rate increased on average by 10% to 50%. Finally, the thermal performance of the horizontal in-house-made aluminum foam heat sink is up to 18% larger than the one of the vertical aluminum foam heat sink.